Economics Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial aspects Coursework - Essay Example Moderateness of the clients: As home loans have gotten less expensive, the reasonableness of a normal resident has thusly picked up development. In addition, contracts are more promptly accessible than previously and in this manner a shopper is bound to benefit himself a credit and increment his general arrangement of decisions. In this manner bringing about an expansion in the interest move of the shopper. (Neate, 2013) b. Downturn: The weights have twofold effect on the interest shifts. Not just it has diminished the buying intensity of a purchaser yet it has additionally removed numerous arrangements of decisions where an individual used to contribute. As downturn is near, the vast majority of the ventures are seen as less secure while these are additionally not expected to procure exceptional yields. In this manner, likely financial specialists, particularly the huge ones gander at lodging as a protected road for speculation as the profits that it acquires are very steady while t he capital increases are additionally a piece of the venture. This likewise impacts the interest bend to move on its right side and increment the general interest of the house claiming. (Neate, 2013) (O’sullivan, 2008) c. Crowd Sentiment: It will be noticed that the development of house costs has as of now grown out of the pace of development in the advances stretched out as home loans. Such just uncovers a point that the overall population is following the pattern. This can be because of reasons, for example, the dread of swelled home costs after the blast that these costs have gotten. Besides, its motivation may likewise be as those speculators who have looked it as a brilliant chance of capital increases and in this way making a fake air pocket of cost swelling that will at some point or another burst out. (Rowley, 2013) d. Desires: As costs have flooded up so are the desires for the individuals. As proposed in an ongoing article, the expense of normal home may go up by 50 ,000 pounds throughout the following multi year. In addition, remembering the conclusions, the government’s ongoing move to give intrigue let loose credit to 600,000 pounds has just moved the pattern further and have by and by offered raise to the requests of the majority. (Lambert, 2013) If we direct our consideration toward the elements that have may have affected the flexibly side of the UK’s house claiming marvel, the most significant factor that gets has moved the gracefully bend incorporates the effect of fares whose frustrating presentation has affected the flexibly side of the previously mentioned wonder. From that point forward, the legislature has concentrated increasingly more on gracefully side by empowering the development of more houses. In addition, the moneylenders have been too merciful towards purchasers as well as towards the venders also, since by supporting them in financing their tasks they are pushing the gracefully bend too, which for this situa tion is toward its right. In an ongoing move, the administration propelled subsidizing plan which permitted banks to benefit themselves reasonable financing that permitted the bringing down of the loan costs whose effects were likewise observed on the interest side. (Rowley, 2013) 2. As should be obvious in the table underneath that the benefits will increment to 40,000 pounds if the toll is diminished from 10 pounds to 8 pounds: Fare Demand Total Revenue New Cost Profit 8 6 480 440 40 10 4 400 410 - 10 12 3 360 400 - 40 (O’sullivan, 2008) a. The following are the figurings required if there should be an occurrence of value elasticity’s of interest by the midpoint equation strategy just as rate change

Consumer Motivations for Online Shopping

Customer Motivations for Online Shopping Section 1 1 INTRODUCTION Toward the finish of the only remaining century, internet shopping was at that point beginning to get people groups consideration, and was gradually drawing in buyers to utilize it as a channel, essentially due to its straightforwardness in finishing buys (for example not expecting to step out of the home) and furthermore in giving data as, and still, at the end of the day, a few destinations previously gave broad data (Gay 1999, Gehrt et al 2007). Be that as it may, we are well into the main decade of the 21st century, and from that point forward circumstances are different and surely, customers inspirations, as confirm in this writing audit and the aftereffects of the exploration venture, have changed. The utilization of the online channel for shopping differs extraordinarily by nation with the UK and the US positioning high up in the rundown with most noteworthy proportion of online customers among Internet clients, notwithstanding additionally having an enormous infiltration of clients for Internet get to (Bhatti 2006). In the UK, Internet access among family units has expanded from 34% in 2000 to 54% in 2004, while Internet access for grown-ups expanded from 40% in 2000 to 64% in 2005 (Datamonitor 2006). 1.1 Research points and destinations The task had two key inquiries to concentrate on and this went about as a manual for the examination plan and approach. The two key research inquiries in my undertaking were: What are the key customer inspirations for web based shopping and how are these affecting the advancement of the online channel? This inquiry concentrated on the key drivers going about as force for buyers to seek after web based shopping, and how these drivers were affecting the online channel as an elective channel for making buys. What are the rising patterns for web based shopping, and by what means will the web based shopping channel create? As web based shopping keeps on expanding, the two associations and purchasers are required to be better-set with having a decent comprehension of where internet shopping patterns appear to be aimed at. 1.2 Consumer inspirations The task looked to comprehend the customer inspirations for picking web based shopping as an elective channel or, for certain purchasers, their primary channel for shopping specific things. This piece of the undertaking depended on figuring out what shoppers have expressed as their key inspiration factors through auxiliary research. This was upheld by essential research by looking over and talking with buyers on their persuasive elements. The goal was to rattle off the key inspirational variables buyers have for web based shopping. 1.3 Emerging patterns for web based shopping Notwithstanding understanding customer inspiration, this task additionally looked for, as a target, to comprehend the rising patterns in web based shopping, and build up a perspective on where the online channel was required to move to. Comparable for buyer inspirations, this piece of the task depended on a mix of essential and auxiliary research. 1.4 Rationale for explore venture There was a solid basis for seeking after this venture as it expected to give a more prominent comprehension of the purchaser and the inspirations driving web based shopping. As the significance of the online channel turns out to be progressively more prominent for associations, there is more prominent requirement for deciding the buyers key drivers in picking this as an elective channel for shopping. The venture results sway the two customers and associations. For buyers, this gave them a setting for expressing their inclinations and key necessities to keep utilizing the online channel which could prompt enhancements for the internet shopping experience. For associations, this task gave a comprehension of the present circumstance and furthermore the rising patterns dependent on serious elements, so as to have the option to give the buyers their prerequisites. This undertaking was likewise significant for me as the understudy as it allowed me a chance to build up the information and seek after the investigation of a basic administration issue which was turning into a more prominent worth include channel for an enormous number of associations. The task, I accept, has prompted new bits of knowledge and an affirmation of customers key inspirations to internet shopping. I accept this adds to the developing information on the web based shopping experience of customers 1.5 Overview of the examination Section 1 is the presentation part where the foundation, inquire about inquiry and levelheaded, objective and the structure of the examination are expressed. Section 2 contains a short writing audit on web based shopping and gave fundamental comprehension about purchaser inspirations and developing patterns for web based shopping which is identified with the examination question. Section 3 is brief about the contextual investigation on web based shopping. Section 4 contains inquire about technique which incorporates look into outline work the plan of the examination, testing and survey. Section 5 depicts the basic audit of the discoveries. Section 6 examines on proposal and ends. Section 2 2. Writing REVIEW The examination endeavors to break down research works identifying with shopper inspirations for web based shopping and related issues are basically assessed. This exploration venture was sought after with a ‘qualitative research approach as the emphasis was on customer inspirations, which, while it could have been created with quantitative measurements, appeared to make an interpretation of better into a subjective core interest. The goal was increasingly centered around going in more prominent profundity over the key purchaser inspirations as opposed to counting figures as far as which factors shoppers felt were their key inspirations. The subjective part of the exploration venture was sought after through studies and top to bottom surveys. 2.1 Consumer inspirations Childers et al (2001) characterizes ‘‘consumer inspirations for online retail shopping led a couple of years back, a portion of the purchaser inspirations refered to were enthusiasm for utilization of another innovation, simplicity of route and use, and accommodation of internet shopping. While the exploration referenced took a gander at shopper inspirations, the examination was just a subset of what could be gained from customer conduct as the investigation concentrated on just a couple of potential variables of web based shopping movement. Connected to the expansion of web based shopping is the expansion in access and utilization of the Internet. Rodgers and Sheldon (2002) investigated ‘‘the expanding utilization of the Internet and featured shopping as one of the key inspirations for expanded shopper use. In this work, the creators took a gander at shopping as a shopper inspiration for expanded buyer use. (Ko et al 2005, Tamimi et al 2005, Dadzie et al 2005) examined that ‘‘it ought to be noticed that there has been impressive development in Internet access and utilization, and this has made a noteworthy market in showcasing and correspondences of associations. Web based shopping has been developing and associations have been concentrating more on building up the online channel to catch a more noteworthy portion of the wallet of the shopper. Internet shopping Hult et al (2007) characterizes that ‘‘online shopping can identify with any contribution of administration quality, item quality, or e-Business quality where the goal is the client based worth creation for associations. In view of this definition, we can see that the quantity of online customers has to be sure expanded essentially in the UK, with the level of UK Internet clients shopping web based (counting requesting tickets of purchasing merchandise and enterprises) developed from 36% in 2000 to 61% in 2005 (Datamonitor 2006). For this examination venture, the expansive definition is sensible as the key focal point of the exploration is in understanding shopper inspirations for web based shopping as a rule, considering no particular item or administration. Without a doubt, there are an enormous number of manners by which to cut the issue and there would be contrasts in the customer inspirations for explicit items in explicit markets. The works refered to in this segment gave a decent beginning stage in the purchaser inspirations to be thought of. The examination works likewise gave a sign of the expanding utilization of the Internet and web based shopping as an action. From the impediments refered to in the exploration works, further research should be directed on a general comprehension of buyer inspirations which are not restricted to a couple of elements. The remainder of this segment talks about some rousing variables refered to by purchasers as driving their internet shopping action. 24-hour get to Bramall et al (2004) revealed that ‘‘motivation by customers is the 24-hour get to gave or permitted by most web based shopping channels. Consequently, the online channel is used by buyers as it gives them 24-hour access for data, client support, and buy opportunity. This basically offers the buyer the chance to peruse items and buy at the shoppers own relaxation. While the exploration of the creators expresses this factor as an inspiration, the focal point of the examination work was quite potential trust issues in internet shopping. This particular propelling variable was not broke down in contrast with other rousing components for customers. + Shopping comfort One oft-referenced explanation and an early shopper rousing variable, for shopping on the web is the comfort of doing as such as customers wont need to go to the retail locations and experience the ‘hassle of purchasing items in the stores (NBC News 2007). As indicated by one examination Furnham (2007) ‘‘not just feature the comfort of shopping on the web yet additionally expresses that shopping just likewise helps dynamic as a huge piece of the data necessities a customer may need to settle on the choice are discovered on the web. Unmistakably, shopping accommodation is required to rank high among the purchasers regarding their inspirations for seeking after web based shopping. Gehrt et al (2007) detailed that ‘‘Shopping comfort is an enormous factor for the US and UK customers however this isn't restricted to the US or the UK advertises just as even in Japan, online shopp

Minimalism Is Healthy How I Lost 70 Pounds

Minimalism Is Healthy How I Lost 70 Pounds I dont have time to exercise. Im just too busy!  Weve all told ourselves this lie before: if we had more time, we could get into shape; if we werent so damn busy, we could lose those extra 20, 40, 90 pounds; if there were more hours in the day, wed make the trek to the gym. I used to tell myself that same lie. I was 70 pounds overweight in my early- and mid-twenties. I avoided mirrors because I was embarrassed when I saw myself. I was fat and out of shape and I hated it. Then theres another lie we tell ourselves. We say, Ill start exercising next month or next week or tomorrow.  But tomorrow never comes, does it? Thats because were just as busyâ€"or even busierâ€"tomorrow or next week or whenever, and so we put it off again and again until its no longer on our radar at all. But of course tomorrow never comes. There is only today. Did you know that both of these lies are essentially the same exact lie? You see, we tend to manipulate time: We think that we dont have enough of it today, but somehow well magically have more time tomorrow, that somehowâ€"even though we dont change anything that were doingâ€"well be able to exercise and eat healthier and get into better shape tomorrow. Its funny, we dont do the same thing with food, thoughâ€"do we? If you didnt have enough food in the house to eat this week, do you think youd say, Oh, its okay, Ill just start eating again next week.  Of course not. The first stop on the road to better health is to stop lying to ourselves. Ive found that therere two things that helped me get on track quickly: Musts. Dont make change a shouldâ€"make it a must. Minimalism. Get rid of lifes excess so you can focus on whats important. It took me a couple years to lose those extra pounds of (disgusting) fat, but that was seven years ago, and Ive kept the weight off and am never turning back. Im in my thirties now, but Im in the best shape of my lifeâ€"by far. And its only going to get better from here. How did I do it? Simply. Seriously. I focused on my diet and exercise (obviously), but in a way I knew I could maintain: I began exercising eighteen minutes each day because even the busiest person in the world has 20 minutes to focus on his or her health each day. And I simplified my diet. Thats it. After about six months of consistent exercise, I started to look forward to it, I started to enjoy it, I even started to crave it. Before I knew it, I was lean, and I felt better than ever. Additional reading: Health Is a Vehicle, Not a Destination.

Analysis Of Mcteague, By Frank Norris - 1302 Words

Since the beginning of time, humans like animals, possess certain innate behaviors that both are naturally born with. For example, animals are born, taken care of and spend their life making sure they have enough food in order to survive and in the end, reproduce. Similarly, humans also possess a natural instinct to survive, consume, and reproduce in order to keep this on-going cycle alive. The comparison between humans and animals at time may disturb certain people due to the simplification and degradation of the human race. However, it is this naturalistic view in life that certain individuals believe should not be shielded from the public in order to â€Å"protect† people and instead, believe it is necessary to educate as many people possible in the reasoning and acceptance of mankind’s innate actions. The novel McTeague, written by Frank Norris, is a book that demonstrates an individual s natural behaviors and desires which continues to be carried out by people toda y just as it has been since the beginning of time. It is through McTeague, that Frank Norris illustrates mankind’s naturalistic behavior that not only grabs the attention of the readers but infuriates the public as well. Benjamin Franklin Norris, otherwise known as Frank Norris was born on March 5, 1870 in Chicago, Illinois. Throughout his life, Frank Norris attended school in Paris, the University of California, and Harvard University which would later benefit him by establishing relationships which would

A Clockwork Orange By Anthony Burgess - 2443 Words

In A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess, Alex, the protagonist is a fifteen-year-old boy who commits ultra-violent acts out of pure pleasure. The allegory present throughout the novel shows that Alex is ruthless and does not feel pain when experiencing the deaths of others. Throughout the journey of a small portion of Alex’s life, vivid representations of settings are used to portray the dark deeds done by Alex and his friends. Burgess also uses distinct dialect to individualize Alex and his friends from the rest of the community to represent their violent actions with their dialect. He uses a configuration of symbolism to represent the violent nature of Alex’s surroundings which cause him to commit these violent actions throughout the story. Through the use of these elements, Burgess proves how violence becomes a crucial element of surviving amongst society. To begin with, many events take place throughout the novel where Alex commits cruel crimes against several citizens of the dystopian society. Since Alex and his friends are often seen committing such acts, they must also be able to defend themselves in case one of their victim fights back. During these events allegory is used when the victims of the violent actions Alex and his friends commit, bleed out from the injuries they inflict upon them. The language used throughout the novel tends to eliminate some elements of allegory, however, if you translate â€Å"young men doing the ultra-violent on a young woman who wasShow MoreRelatedAnthony Burgess and A Clockwork Orange987 Words   |  4 Pagesnothing you can do about it. Anthony Burgess created this world through his novel, A Clockwork Orange. Anthony Burgess was born in 1917 and died in 1963. A lot of social changes occurred during this period of time, such as: the roaring twenties, prohibition, the Great Depression, World War II , the fall of the Berlin Wall, and many more. Burgess not only lived through those changes, but also helped influences some social changes in literature and music. Anthony Burgess was a jack-of-all-trades throughoutRead MoreA Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess1960 Words   |  8 PagesAnthony Burgess’s A Clockwork Orange has been placed under much scrutiny by literary critics and readers everywhere. Furthermore, this highly criticized novel contains a myriad of ways to engage with the work, whether it is from the psychological or ethical perspective. Through College Literature Journal’s article â€Å"O My Brothers†, the unnamed author draws interesting connections between the main character’s development and how pseudo-families and pseudo- self plays a part on this said developmentRead MoreA Clockwork Orange By Anthony Burgess1383 Words   |  6 PagesFree Will in Humans In the novel, A Clockwork Orange, Anthony Burgess argues how free will is empowered by society and the government. Through the character Alex, the author is able to explicate his ideas of how the government strips Alex’s freewill while being in presence of violence in order to force him to be good. But is Alex still considered human without choice? Is goodness considered good when it is not chosen? People have the right to choose right from wrong on their own, just like AlexRead MoreA Clockwork Orange, by Anthony Burgess1034 Words   |  5 PagesImagine having stolen, raped, and even murdered all at the age of 15. The new canon of dark literature and controversy has finally hit the stage. A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess written in 1962 could only be described in the old cockney expression â€Å"queer as a clockwork orange†. Meaning it is bizarre internally, but appears natural on the surface. The story begins with the protagonist and narrator Alex a 15-year-old boy, who sets the bar for the most cold-blooded and callous characters of literatureRead MoreA Clockwork Orange By Anthony Burgess1473 Words   |  6 PagesLinking the fundamental conflict between individual identity and societal identity with musical imagery in the story â€Å"A Clockwork Orange† by Anthony Burgess, creates a lens through which one can recognize the tendency that violence can destroy an individual’s identity. The main protagonist and narrator of the story is Alex and although he associates violence with his own individual identity and sense of self, he consistently reveals the impossibility of remaining an individual in the face of group-orientedRead MoreA Clockwork Orange By Anthony Burgess2327 Words   |  10 Pagesat the last round the bearded lips of God, to attempt to impose, I say, laws and conditions appropriate to a mechanical creation, against this I raise my sword-pen,† Anthony Burgess in his novel ‘A Clockwork Orange’ , which happens to be a scathing critique of totalitarian government, through the character of F. Alexander. Burgess is attempting to criticize the type of governments that try to limit the freedom of an individual through science and technology. To be more specific, the use of ‘LudovicoRead MoreA Clockwork Orange By Anthony Burgess2415 Words   |  10 PagesA Clockwork Orange, by Anthony Burgess, a story of a young troublemaker who rebels in every way possible against his society’s norms. The main character, Alex progresses throughout the story learning how his actions affect his future. Along the way Alex conforms, or at least pretends to, whenever necessary to survive or to get his way. However, during his incarceration, he underwent a procedure that altered his ability to rebel. This made Alex realize there are other was to adapt and overcome besidesRead MoreEssay on Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange1497 Words   |  6 PagesAnthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange Choice and free will are necessary to maintain humanity, both individually and communally; without them, man is no longer human but a â€Å"clockwork orange†, a mechanical toy, as demonstrated in Anthony Burgess’ novel, â€Å"A Clockwork Orange†. The choice between good and evil is a decision every man must make throughout his life in order to guide his actions and control his future. Forcing someone to be good is not as important as the act of someone choosing to beRead MoreA Clockwork Orange By Anthony Burgess1410 Words   |  6 Pages Anthony Burgess’s A Clockwork Orange has long been regarded as one of the most difficult books to read, both due to its heavy use of made-up slang, and the overtly violent nature of the main character, Alex. When Stanley Kubrick’s version was produced in 1971, the movie earned an R or NC-17 rating, due to the sheer amount of violence. The subject matter of the movie was violence at it’s very nature. However, upon closer examination, there are many references to religion, Christianity in particularRead MoreAnalysis Of Anthony Burgess s A Clockwork Orange819 Words   |  4 Pageshumans from machines. Anthony Burgess, author of A Clockwork Orange, believes this trait is a person’s freedom to make conscious decisions. By taking away a person’s ability to choose between doing the right thing or the wrong thing, you also take away what makes them human. A Clockwork Orange creates a world documenting the decay of a person’s will to live and the lo ss of their humanity when their freedom of choice is taken away. Alex, the protagonist of A Clockwork Orange, is a textbook example

Corporate Events in Intramuros Free Essays

University of the Philippines Manila National Graduate Office for the Health Sciences How Many Corporate Events on a particular week day in Intramural? Sherry Ann N. Shares 2014- 85177 2014-2015/ 1st semester Master in Management / College of Arts and Sciences Problem of the Study How many Corporate Events on a particular week day in Intramural? Introduction of the Study Corporate event Is an event sponsored by a corporation for the purpose of cleaving specific goals and objectives such as entertaining customers, Introducing and promoting new products or services, or providing Incentives or training for employees, as well as other activities (Wiley International Dictionary of Event control – all basic principles of project management (Mastitis, P. , Tooled, W. We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Events in Intramuros or any similar topic only for you Order Now , 2002). Based on research, the areas of management for corporate events are the if: scope, time, cost, risk, content, human resources, procurement, and communication. Thus, there is a need to identify that factors that is relative to the number of corporate events per day. Locale of the study The locale of the study is Intramural which is suited in Manila City. It is a 64-hectare tone citadel, founded by the Spanish in 1571, and has withstood wars, natural disasters and successive waves of colonial invaders, and such stands as a metaphor of Manila itself. (http://content. Time. Com/time/travel/citywide/article/ Intramural is a Latin word meaning â€Å"within the walls†. A place or monument of the Spanish period in the Philippine history. It is also known as the â€Å"Walled City†. It is one of the principal tour destination in the Philippines. Fig. 1 Map of Intramural Hypothesis Hon.: No. Of corporate events per day is not relative with the span of time of the event Ha: No. F corporate events per day is significantly relative to the day of the week. Research Methods This presents the methods used in the research and the respondents of the study to gather the data needed. Methods The instrument and method being used in gathering the necessary data. Interview. Used by the researcher to the gather the primary source of data, it also gave the researchers the opportunity to gather the list of events in Intramural. Furthermore, it gave the opportunity to clarify issues concerning the problem. Walk-in Observation. The observation was also an excellent source of data. The research decided to conduct walk-in observation at the last minute of the study since the hotel do not provide information on their corporate events. Respondents There are two respondents/source of the study: The Flyleaf Hotel and the Intramural Administration. The Flyleaf Hotel. The only hotel inside Intramural. Launched in November 2011, this boutique hotel promises a restful experience for its guests given its 5 star quality beddings, room amenities and a spacious bathroom (http://www. Tableland. Com. PH/ about-us). Intramural Administration (IA). A national government agency created on April 10, 1979, under Presidential Decree 1616. It is tasked to restore the Walled City of Intramural and develop it into a prime urban tourist destination. Sis’s objective is to make this â€Å"city within a city† socially, economically and culturally viable again while as a main center of tourist activity in the City of Manila. It is involved not only in the restoration but also in urban renewal and income generation (IA leaflet). Data Gathering The researcher gathered data from a hotel (Flyleaf Hotel) and government agency (Intramural Administration). The information from the hotel were exclusive which exulted to a walk-in observation and sampling. On the other hand, data gathering through the government agency was easier through their list and schedule of corporate events for the year 2014. The researcher also read articles and books on Corporate Events Management and other related topics to the study. The Flyleaf Hotel. On a phone interview with Ms. Marie Toleration, Sales Manager of The Flyleaf, they could not provide the information needed. She also said that â€Å"most of the events held at the hotel were exclusive and not open to the public†. Since the researcher id not gathered information from the hotel, it resulted to the conduct of a walk-in random sampling at the last minute Just to have the number of events in a hotel and a comparison of data. The researcher conducted a random walk-in sampling on the number of events in the hotel on August 27, 2014 (Wednesday) and August 29, 2014 (Thursday). It was found-out that there is no corporate event held in said hotel on August 27, 2014 and there were four (4) corporate events on August 28, 2014. Intramural Administration (IA). The researcher conducted interview with the Tourism Promotion Division of the IA. The IA has the authority among the public places and venues inside Intramural. All of the events within the vicinity of the Intramural is and must be approved by the IA thus the said agency has the list of the approved corporate events for the year (2014). Data Presentation and Analysis This presents the data gathered based on the information gathered from the IA and the Flyleaf Hotel in Intramural. Table 1 . Corporate Events at the Flyleaf Hotel (August 25-31, 2014) DAYS OF THE WEEK (August 25-31, 2014) No. Of corporate events (Frequency) Monday No data gathered Tuesday Wednesday Thursday 4 Saturday Sunday TOTAL Based on a two-day observation of the corporate events held at the Flyleaf Intramural, it shows that one day of the week (Wednesday) has no corporate event and on the other day of the week (Thursday) has 4 events. These events are meeting and trainings of the employees of different corporation. So, it is not open to public. Data also shows that the week of day or the schedule of the event is relative on the number of events per day. Though, it could not be concluded since it is only a two-day observation. Table 2. Corporate Event per Day of the Week in Intramural Noun 9 – 15, 2014) DAYS OF THE WEEK (JUNE 9-15, 2014) Friday 3 Table 2 shows that data gathered from the Intramural Administration on a random sampling of a week of the year 2014, it shows that there are only three days (3) in a week with an event and each day has only one event. How to cite Corporate Events in Intramuros, Papers

Presence of Manipulation in Financial Statements †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Presence of Manipulation in Financial Statements. Answer: Introduction The concept of fair value has been recognized as highly important by the IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) for improving the quality of financial reporting. The use of fair value accounting ensures in providing accurate value of assets and liabilities of a company based on their current market valuation. However, the use of historical cost accounting only records the initial value of assets and liabilities at the time of their purchase without any adjustment made in relation to their market value (Dignah et al., 2016). In this context, the present report discussed the concept of fair value introduced by AASB 13 in Australian accounting standards by critically examining its limitations in providing decision-useful information to the end-users of the financial statements. Concept and Limitations of Fair Value Accounting The IASB has directed the business entities around the world to incorporate the use of IFRS 13 standard regarding the fair value measurement. In this context, the AASB (Australian Accounting Standard Board) has also adopted the standard of fair value measurement through development and introduction of AASB 13 accounting standard. As per the AASB 13 standard, the fair value can be stated as a market-based measurement approach for identifying and measuring the values of assets and liabilities. The fair price of an asset or liability indicates the market price at which orderly transaction relating to selling of an asset or transferring a liability occurs on the date of measurement between the market participants. The approach to fair value measurement assumes that the transaction has taken place in a principal market or in the most advantageous market if the principal market is not present (AASB 13, 2015). The use of fair value accounting in the development of financial reports is regarded to be a topic of debate among the accounting professionals. This is because the measurement technique is associated with some drawbacks that limit its usefulness in disclosing the reliable and accurate information to the end-users. For example, there are some business organizations that do not realize any gains from the use of fair value accounting approach due to large fluctuations in the value of their assets. Thus, the presence of high volatility in the asset value makes it difficult for the companies in accurate prediction of their market price related to long-term financial picture therefore leading to reporting of misleading income or losses in the short-term financial performance of a company (Gjorgieva-Trajkovska and Temjanovski, 2010). As such, the investors do not realize the use of fair value accounting to be useful in securing and protecting their investment. The use of fair value account ing is dependent on assumptions and therefore it can report misleading information relating to the overall value of a business entity. The investors as such are still having believes in the use of historical cost method as it helps them to analyze the initial value of an asset or liability at the time of the purchase. The historic cost approach provides investors the information related with price of an asset or liability as compared with their investment costs (Hassan, Percy, and Stewart, 2006). The investors and creditors have also regarded that the use of fair value accounting to be significantly contributed to the occurrence of financial crisis. The fair value recognized of an asset or a liability is largely dependent on the market situation and thus the fluctuations in the market conditions can result in degrading the overall value of a firm. This subsequently result in causing the downturn of the market economy and thereby leading to the occurrence of financial crisis as that occurred in the year 2007. The financial analyses nod the accounting professionals have regarded to the use of fair value accounting for significantly contributing to the financial crisis by enhancing the downturn of the financial institutions around the US (Alaryan et al., 2014). One the important limitation of the fair value accounting is the value reversal. There are many challenges that are faced by the companies and also the users of the financial statements as it is not easy to understand all the disclosures made under the fair value accounting. Company works mainly in the volatile market conditions where there is need to value the assets and liabilities that make larger differences in the market value of company and value that is reported in the balance sheet. But when the market become stable the value changes that allows making changes to the value of financial items back to normal. So it can be said that changes that are made in the value of assets or liabilities are temporary period that proves the fair value accounting provides misleading information to the users of the financial statements (Qu et al., 2012). Companies have to face the market effects of the fair value accounting that can be also be a limitation for the entities using fair value concept. Fair market value impacts the company assets in the down market conditions. When the values of assets are revalued downwards due to change in market condition allows companies to settle the assets through selling the assets at much lower price. So it can be said that companies have to face losses through adopting the fair market value concept (Gjorgieva-Trajkovska and Temjanovski, 2010). Conclusion It can be said from the overall discussion that fair value accounting has not proved to be largely helpful in supporting the decision-making process of end-users. References AASB 13. 2015. Fair Value Measurement. [Online]. Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB13_08-15.pdf [Accessed on: 28 September 2017]. Alaryan, L. A., et al. 2014. The Relationship between Fair Value Accounting and Presence of Manipulation in Financial Statements. International journal of accounting and financial reporting 4 (1), pp. 221-237. Dignah, A., et al. 2016. Fair Value Accounting and the Cost of Equity Capital of Asian Banks. Jurnal Pengurusan 48, pp. 125 135. Gjorgieva-Trajkovska, O. and Temjanovski, R. 2010. Fair Value Accounting Pros And Cons. Faculty of Economics. Hassan, M. S., Percy, M.,and Stewart, J. 2006. The value relevance of fair value disclosures in Australian firms in the extractive industries. Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance 2 (1), pp. 41-61. Qu, W., et al. 2012. Does IFRS convergence improve quality of accounting information? - Evidence from the Chinese stock market. Corporate Ownership Control 9 (4), pp. 187- 196.